Improvement Plan - A4.doc Download this file
Tuesday, 29 November 2011
Wednesday, 16 November 2011
Tuesday, 15 November 2011
5.19 Experiment
5.19 Experiment
07 November 2011
14:32
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· Change the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature
· Measure the volume
· Use the EXCEL spreadsheet to analyse your results
5.19 Blank EXCEL spreadsheet for Boyle's Law practical
07 November 2011
16:16
<<Ideal Gas - Boyle's Law.xlsx>>
5.18
Cloud formation
· Place a little water in the bottom of a 1½ litre plastic bottle
· Squeeze a few times
· Introduce a small amount of smoke
· Squeeze and release several times
· When you squeeze, the cloud disappears; when you release, the cloud reforms
Explanation
· When the pressure increases the temperature increases and vica versa
· The smoke particles are nucleating sites on which the water can condense
5.18 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:
p1 / T1 = p2 / T2
p1 = Pressure at the beginning [kPa, bar or atm ]
T1 = Absolute temperature at the beginning [K]
p2 = Pressure at the end [kPa, bar or atm]
T2 = Absolute temperature at the end [K]
(Note: the units of temperature must be Kelvin, not oC! The units of pressure can be any, as long as the same at the beginning and the end)
5.18 Ideal graph and conclusion
09 November 2011
15:15
A motor car tyre is filled to a pressure of 3 bar at 20°C. After a long journey, the tyre reaches a temperature of 55°C. What is the pressure now?
p1 / T1 = p2 / T2
3/(20+273) = p2 / (55+273)
Pressure = 3.36 bars
If we cool the gas in a rigid, sealed tin can, what happens to the pressure inside the can?
The pressure will drop.
Explain your answer to part a by using the Kinetic Theory.
- Temperature decreases
- Less frequent collisions and slower collisions
- Particles hit the walls with less force
- Same area
- P = F/A so pressure drops
Friday, 11 November 2011
5.17
5.17 Starter
> Why do the eggs get sucked into the bottles?! Explanation
· The burning paper in the bottle heats the air in the bottle
· When the egg gets placed on top, the oxygen supply in the bottle is rapidly depleted and the paper goes out
· The bottle is sealed by the egg and now has a constant volume of gas inside
· The hot gas in the bottle now starts to cool which reduces the pressure inside the bottle
· The pressure outside the bottle remains unchanged and so there is now an unbalanced force on the egg which accelerates the egg into the bottle 5.17 · 5.17 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container Instructions
· Launch the application on this website: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties [cid:image001.png@01CCA052.5E7DD8D0]
· Put 5 pumps of gas in
· Set volume as the Constant Parameter
· Heat to 1000K
· Watch what happens to the Pressure Conclusion
· If you increase the temperature, you increase the pressure 
> Why do the eggs get sucked into the bottles?! Explanation
· The burning paper in the bottle heats the air in the bottle
· When the egg gets placed on top, the oxygen supply in the bottle is rapidly depleted and the paper goes out
· The bottle is sealed by the egg and now has a constant volume of gas inside
· The hot gas in the bottle now starts to cool which reduces the pressure inside the bottle
· The pressure outside the bottle remains unchanged and so there is now an unbalanced force on the egg which accelerates the egg into the bottle 5.17 · 5.17 describe the qualitative relationship between pressure and Kelvin temperature for a gas in a sealed container Instructions
· Launch the application on this website: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gas-properties [cid:image001.png@01CCA052.5E7DD8D0]
· Put 5 pumps of gas in
· Set volume as the Constant Parameter
· Heat to 1000K
· Watch what happens to the Pressure Conclusion
· If you increase the temperature, you increase the pressure
Thursday, 10 November 2011
Wednesday, 9 November 2011
Tuesday, 8 November 2011
Corrections from my Word Doc
Now that my outlook works…
I couldn’t highlight it before because my Outlook wouldn’t work!
This is my actual “notes”.
Topic 5: Solids, Liquids and Gases
5B Density and Pressure
5.2 Recall and use the relationship between density, mass and volume:
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5.3 Describe how to determine density using direct measurements of mass and volume
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Measuring the density of regular solids
Method:
1) Measure mass using a balance.
2) Measure width, length and height using a ruler
3) Calculate volume (V = w x l x h)
4) Calculate density (Ρ = m / V)
m = 564.9g
w = 5 cm
l = 5 cm
h = 2 cm
V = w x l x h = 5 x 5 x 2 = 50 cm3
Ρ (rho) = m / V = 564.9 g / 50 cm3 = 11.3 g/cm3
Measuring the density of an irregular solid
1) Measure mass using a balance
2) Measure volume by using the “displacement” method (submerge solid in a “Eureka” can and collect the overflow in a measuring cylinder)
3) Calculate density
5.4 Recall and use the relationship between pressure, force and area
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Why do Inuits (Eskimos) wear snow shoes?
- Snow shoes spread the same weight
- Over a large surface area
- So there is less pressure on the snow
- So the Inuit doesn’t sink in the snow
Why do tractors have big tyres?
- Big tyres spread the same weight
- Over a larger surface area
- So there is less pressure under the tyres
- So the tractor doesn’t sink in the mud
Pin
- Your finger pushes on the pin and the pin pushes back on your finger (equal force, Newton’s third law)
- The pin pushes on the wall and the wall pushes back on the pin
- If the surface area is large, then the force spreads over a large area and the pressure is low
- If the surface are is small then the force spreads over a small area and the pressure is high
- You would like the pressure on your finger to be low and the pressure on the wall to be high
5.5 Understand that the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid which is at rest acts equally in all directions
Since we love on earth, most of us are unaware that there is pressure all around us. We do not feel the pressure because our bodies push back from the inside. Our lungs don’t collapse because the same air pressure flows into our lungs and presses outwards. It would be different if our lungs were in vacuum.
Atmospheric pressure is about 100 kPa.
Plastic bottle collapsing:
a) Bottle with same pressure inside and out. The pressure inside is from steam at atmospheric pressure.
b) Bottle with internal pressure is removed. You can do this with a strong metal bottle, but not with a plastic one.
c) Plastic bottle collapsed.
5.6 Recall and use the relationship for pressure difference:
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Example: water in a column
The bottom hole squirts water the furthest because the water at the bottom has the greatest pressure (the formula!). In the formula, Ρ & g are constant, h is large so ∆p is large.
5C Changes of State
5.7 Understand that a substance can change state from solid to liquid by the process of melting
1) Use ideas about particles to explain why:
a) Solids keep their shape, but liquids and gases don’t
Particles in solid have tight bonds within one another. They are held in a fixed, regular pattern and cannot move; they only vibrate in position. On the other hand, the bonds between particles in liquids and gases are much weaker.
b) Solids and liquids have a fixed volume, but gases fill their container
Solids have strong bonds within the particles. Their arrangement is very tight; they are incompressible. However, there are lots of spaces between liquids and gases (especially gases). The intermolecular forces are weak so they can spread out to fill their container.
5.8 Understand that a substance can change state from liquid to gas by the process of evaporation or boiling
3) Using ideas about particles, explain the difference between evaporating and boiling.
Evaporating and boiling both require energy to overcome bonds to turn into gas. Evaporation takes place on the surface of the liquid while boiling takes place in the entire volume of the liquid. Evaporation occurs for a range of temperatures; high temperatures increase evaporation and low temperatures decrease evaporation. Boiling takes place at a fixed temperature called the boiling point.
5.9 Recall that particles in a liquid have a random motion within a close-packed irregular structure
State | Particle Picture | Arrangement of Particles | Motion of Particles | Other Properties |
Solids | | Closely packed Regular pattern | Vibrate about a fixed position | Fixed shape Not easily compressed since particles are closely packed Strong bonds |
Liquids | | Closely packed No pattern | Free to flow over each other | Takes shape of its container Can be poured Not easily compressed since particles are closely packed Weak bonds |
Gases | | Widely spaced No pattern | Very fast moving Random directions | Fills its container Can be poured Easily compressed since its particles are far apart Very weak bonds |
5.10 Recall that particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions within a close-packed regular structure
5D Kinetic Theory
5.12 Recall that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container
Why does the needle on the meter move when gas particles are introduced into the box?
My answer – The meter moves according to how many and much collisions occur against the wall of the box.
Official answer – The gas particles collide with all of the walls of the container. The wall on the right moves outwards and moves the needle.
What does the meter measure?
My answer – number and force of collisions of particles against the wall of the box
Official answer – Pressure, The gas particles colliding with the walls make a force on the walls. The walls have a surface area so the quantity measured is pressure, p = F/ A.
5.15 Understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the speed of gas molecules
1) How do the particles create a pressure?
Pressure is created by particles colliding with the walls of the container.
2) If you increase the temperature, how does the movement of the particles change?
If you increase the temperature, the average speed of the particles increases.
3) If you increase the temperature, how does the number of collisions per second change?
If you increase the temperature, the number of collisions per second increases.
4) If you increase the temperature, what does this do to the pressure?
If you increase the temperature, the pressure increases because more collisions (i.e. greater force) occur with the same area.
5.11 Understand the significance of Brownian Motion
Brownian motion: to show that molecules of air hitting the smoke particles (silver), causing a random motion, are moving with a random motion themselves. e.g. smoke particles being “bombarded” by air.
The view on the left shows what we see under the microscope.
The red particles are too small to see even under a microscope!
1) Draw the path of a smoke particle in air (3 marks)
It vibrates and moves around the area in random directions.
(random length, 
2) Explain what is meant by Brownian Motion of smoke particles in air and how it provides evidence for air particles. (4 marks)
- We can see the large smoke particles.
- We can’t see the much smaller air particles.
- But the smoke particles move when the air particles collide with them.
- So the movement of the smoke particles is evidence for the existence of air particles.
3) What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
- The smoke particles would move slower.
- Because the air particles are moving slower and hitting them with less force.
Saturday, 5 November 2011
Answers
Only minor changes that I think are just a matter of wording
5.12+5.15 Answers 02 November 2011 15:55
[cid:image001.png@01CC9999.067AF830] http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/kap10/cd283.htm Answers
1. The particles create a pressure by colliding with the walls of the container
2. If you increase the temperature the average speed of the particles increases
3. If you increase the temperature the number of collisions per second increases
4. If you increase the temperature the pressure increases 5.11 Answers 02 November 2011 17:32 > 
5.12+5.15 Answers 02 November 2011 15:55
[cid:image001.png@01CC9999.067AF830] http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/kap10/cd283.htm Answers
1. The particles create a pressure by colliding with the walls of the container
2. If you increase the temperature the average speed of the particles increases
3. If you increase the temperature the number of collisions per second increases
4. If you increase the temperature the pressure increases 5.11 Answers 02 November 2011 17:32 >
5.11 Questions
1) Draw the path of a smoke particle in air (3 marks)
It vibrates and moves around the area in random directions. (See the attachment)
Brownian motion of smoke particles is where smoke particles move in random motion without any outer force exertion. This happens because the air particles surrounding the smoke particles move about in random motion moving the smoke particles about. Smoke particles moving by themselves shows that there are air particles around it causing such movement. 3) What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
The motion would be smaller because lower temperature means lower kinetic energy. This means there will be fewer collisions between air particles and smoke particles.
5.11 Questions
1) Draw the path of a smoke particle in air (3 marks)
It vibrates and moves around the area in random directions. (See the attachment)
2) Explain what is meant by Brownian Motion of smoke particles in air and how it provides evidence for air particles. (4 marks)
Brownian motion of smoke particles is where smoke particles move in random motion without any outer force exertion. This happens because the air particles surrounding the smoke particles move about in random motion moving the smoke particles about. Smoke particles moving by themselves shows that there are air particles around it causing such movement. 3) What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
The motion would be smaller because lower temperature means lower kinetic energy. This means there will be fewer collisions between air particles and smoke particles.
It vibrates and moves around the area in random directions. (See the attachment)
2) Explain what is meant by Brownian Motion of smoke particles in air and how it provides evidence for air particles. (4 marks)
Brownian motion of smoke particles is where smoke particles move in random motion without any outer force exertion. This happens because the air particles surrounding the smoke particles move about in random motion moving the smoke particles about. Smoke particles moving by themselves shows that there are air particles around it causing such movement. 3) What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
The motion would be smaller because lower temperature means lower kinetic energy. This means there will be fewer collisions between air particles and smoke particles.
Models 5.11
Model 1 The red puck represents smoke particles. The metal balls represent air particles. Model 2
The red particles represent air particles.
The large blue particle represents smoke particles.
The view on the left shows what we see under the microscope.
The red particles are too small to see even under a microscope! Model 3
The smoke particles look like they are moving by themselves.
They are moving because the air particles surrounding them are moving in random motion. The air particles will look like the smoke particles, but much smaller.
The red particles represent air particles.
The large blue particle represents smoke particles.
The view on the left shows what we see under the microscope.
The red particles are too small to see even under a microscope! Model 3
The smoke particles look like they are moving by themselves.
They are moving because the air particles surrounding them are moving in random motion. The air particles will look like the smoke particles, but much smaller.
5.11 (Nothing done, just a tester send
1. 5.11 Starter. Watch the video and think about the question. No need to type anything. 2. 5.11. Watch the videos and animations for the 3 models of Brownian Motion (for Model 3 you need to open the attached). Think about the questions. No need to type anything. 3. 5.11 explained. Check your understanding with the model answers. 4. 5.11 Questions. Forward this e-mail to your blog and complete the questions. 5. Answers to step 2 will be sent separately. Don’t look at them until you’ve done the work! 5.11 Starter
>
· You're looking at smoke particles in air under a microscope
· They appear to be jiggling about
· Why?
· (Don't worry if you can't work this out straight away - Albert Einstein was the bloke who eventually explained what's happening here!) 5.11 28 October 2011 11:10
· 5.11 understand the significance of Brownian motion
> Model 1
· What does the red puck represent?
· What do the metal balls represent?
[cid:image001.png@01CC9989.A14EFF60]
[cid:image002.png@01CC9989.A14EFF60]
> Model 3
· What do the "smoke" particles look like?
· Why are they moving?
· What do the "air" particles look like? 5.11 explained 28 October 2011 11:10 Model 1
· What does the red puck represent?
o The large, visible smoke particle
· What do the metal balls represent?
o The small, not visible air particles Model 2
· What do the small red particles represent?
o The small, not visible air particles
· What does the large blue particle represent?
o The large, visible smoke particle
· What does the view on the left of the screen represent?
o The view through the microscope lense
· Why can‘t you see the red particles in this view?
o They are too small to see Model 3
· What do the "smoke" particles look like?
o They are the 5 large, sand coloured particles
· Why are they moving?
o Small, fast moving air particles are colliding with the smoke particles and making them move
· What do the "air" particles look like?
o They are the numerous, small, white particles 5.11 Questions 02 November 2011 17:21
1. Draw the path of a smoke particle in air (3 marks)
2. Explain what is meant by Brownian Motion of smoke particles in air and how it provides evidence for air particles (4 marks)
3. What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
>
· You're looking at smoke particles in air under a microscope
· They appear to be jiggling about
· Why?
· (Don't worry if you can't work this out straight away - Albert Einstein was the bloke who eventually explained what's happening here!) 5.11 28 October 2011 11:10
· 5.11 understand the significance of Brownian motion
> Model 1
· What does the red puck represent?
· What do the metal balls represent?
[cid:image001.png@01CC9989.A14EFF60]
[cid:image002.png@01CC9989.A14EFF60]
> Model 3
· What do the "smoke" particles look like?
· Why are they moving?
· What do the "air" particles look like? 5.11 explained 28 October 2011 11:10 Model 1
· What does the red puck represent?
o The large, visible smoke particle
· What do the metal balls represent?
o The small, not visible air particles Model 2
· What do the small red particles represent?
o The small, not visible air particles
· What does the large blue particle represent?
o The large, visible smoke particle
· What does the view on the left of the screen represent?
o The view through the microscope lense
· Why can‘t you see the red particles in this view?
o They are too small to see Model 3
· What do the "smoke" particles look like?
o They are the 5 large, sand coloured particles
· Why are they moving?
o Small, fast moving air particles are colliding with the smoke particles and making them move
· What do the "air" particles look like?
o They are the numerous, small, white particles 5.11 Questions 02 November 2011 17:21
1. Draw the path of a smoke particle in air (3 marks)
2. Explain what is meant by Brownian Motion of smoke particles in air and how it provides evidence for air particles (4 marks)
3. What change would you expect to see in the movement of the smoke particles if the air was cooled down? Why? (2 marks)
5.12 and 5.15
Questions (I did not look at the official answers before I answered them!)
Why does the needle on the meter move when gas particles are introduced into the box?
My answer – The meter moves according to how many and much collisions occur against the wall of the box.
Official answer – The gas particles collide with all of the walls of the container. The wall on the right moves outwards and moves the needle. What does the meter measure?
My answer – number and force of collisions of particles against the wall of the box
Official answer – Pressure, The gas particles colliding with the walls make a force on the walls. The walls have a surface area so the quantity measured is pressure, p = F/ A. 1) How do the particles create a pressure?
Pressure is created by particles colliding against a certain area with a certain force. 2) If you increase the temperature, how does the movement of the particles change?
The movement of the particles get faster as there is more kinetic energy. 3) If you increase the temperature, how does the number of collisions per second change?
It increases, once again, due to the increase in kinetic energy. 4) If you increase the temperature, what does this do to the pressure?
It increases the pressure because more collisions (i.e. greater force) occur with the same area. Thank you SooHyun SooHyun Lee
11P
Bangkok Patana School
Why does the needle on the meter move when gas particles are introduced into the box?
My answer – The meter moves according to how many and much collisions occur against the wall of the box.
Official answer – The gas particles collide with all of the walls of the container. The wall on the right moves outwards and moves the needle. What does the meter measure?
My answer – number and force of collisions of particles against the wall of the box
Official answer – Pressure, The gas particles colliding with the walls make a force on the walls. The walls have a surface area so the quantity measured is pressure, p = F/ A. 1) How do the particles create a pressure?
Pressure is created by particles colliding against a certain area with a certain force. 2) If you increase the temperature, how does the movement of the particles change?
The movement of the particles get faster as there is more kinetic energy. 3) If you increase the temperature, how does the number of collisions per second change?
It increases, once again, due to the increase in kinetic energy. 4) If you increase the temperature, what does this do to the pressure?
It increases the pressure because more collisions (i.e. greater force) occur with the same area. Thank you SooHyun SooHyun Lee
11P
Bangkok Patana School
5.12 and 5.15 (No work done, just forwarded as a tester)
Instructions for Objective 5.12 and 5.15 1. 5.12+5.15 Starter. Watch the video and think about the question. No need to type anything. 2. 5.12+5.15 Questions. Open the animation. Forward this e-mail to your blog and complete the questions. 3. 5.12+5.15 Plenary. Open the attached ppt. View as slide show. Think about what the blanks in the table are. Check your answers with slide 2. No need to type anything. 4. Answers to step 2 will be sent separately. Don’t look at them until you’ve done the work! Best wishes, Mr B 5.12+5.15 Starter 02 November 2011 16:15 > Questions
· Why does the needle on the meter move when gas particles are introduced into the box?
· What does the meter measure? Answers
· The gas particles collide with all of the walls of the container. The wall on the right moves outwards and moves the needle.
· Pressure. The gas particles colliding with the walls makes a force on the walls. The walls have a surface area so the quantity measured is pressure, p=F/A. 5.12+5.15 Questions 02 November 2011 15:55
· 5.12 recall that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container
· 5.15 understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the speed of gas molecules
[cid:image001.png@01CC9986.E18EA0B0] Try the animation http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/kap10/cd283.htm
1. How do the particles create a pressure?
2. If you increase the temperature, how does the movement of the particles change?
3. If you increase the temperature, how does the number of collisions per second change?
4. If you increase the temperature, what does this do to the pressure? 5.12+5.15 Plenary 02 November 2011 15:55 > 
· Why does the needle on the meter move when gas particles are introduced into the box?
· What does the meter measure? Answers
· The gas particles collide with all of the walls of the container. The wall on the right moves outwards and moves the needle.
· Pressure. The gas particles colliding with the walls makes a force on the walls. The walls have a surface area so the quantity measured is pressure, p=F/A. 5.12+5.15 Questions 02 November 2011 15:55
· 5.12 recall that molecules in a gas have a random motion and that they exert a force and hence a pressure on the walls of the container
· 5.15 understand that an increase in temperature results in an increase in the speed of gas molecules
[cid:image001.png@01CC9986.E18EA0B0] Try the animation http://www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/kap10/cd283.htm
1. How do the particles create a pressure?
2. If you increase the temperature, how does the movement of the particles change?
3. If you increase the temperature, how does the number of collisions per second change?
4. If you increase the temperature, what does this do to the pressure? 5.12+5.15 Plenary 02 November 2011 15:55 >
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